The tests and tools used to diagnose gynecologic cancer depend on the type and location of the suspected cancer, as well as factors such as the patient's medical history and general health.
A detailed diagnosis helps doctors create the right treatment plan for each patient.
Gynecologic cancer specialists use diagnostic tools such as:
- Imaging studies: Magnetic resonance, computed tomography and positron emission tomography.
- Transvaginal ultrasound: It consists of placing an ultrasound probe in the vagina.
- Endoscopy: Use of a thin, flexible tube (endoscope) to view parts of the female reproductive system.
- Tissue biopsies and bodily fluid samples: Provide small samples of suspicious tissue for pathologists to evaluate.
- Molecular tissue tests: To determine genes, proteins and other specific characteristics of the tumor.
It is essential to be aware of the family's medical history. There is evidence that women who have inherited the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene have an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer in addition to breast cancer and other types of cancer. Knowing this information can increase the chances of prevention and early diagnosis. It is important to note that gynecologic cancer can still develop even if there is no family history.
Regular screening and self-exams can find certain types of gynecologic cancers early, increasing the chance of successful treatment and the chance of a cure. Most cervical cancers are diagnosed by pelvic exams and Pap tests. If cancer is diagnosed, the doctor may order additional tests. Some gynecologic cancers have been called “silent killers” because women are unaware of the signs and symptoms associated with these cancers and therefore the cancers are not diagnosed in their early stages. Hence the importance of annual exams.
El Dr. Alfonso Ángel Quesada, gynecologist and obstetrician at Ginefem, explains in this video what tests are performed to detect gynecological cancer.
